A biologically structured hierarchical vision transformer-CNN framework for robust tomato leaf disease classification

Precise and reliable diagnosis of leaf diseases in tomato is essential for enhancing crop cultivation and minimizing agricultural losses. While deep learning models have performed well on benchmark datasets, the majority of present techniques rely on flat multi-class classification, which predicts all disease categories simultaneously. Such formulations promotes inter-class confusion, particularly when biologically different diseases with similar visual symptoms are learned within a same model.

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ethics.ai (5 August 2026), “A biologically structured hierarchical vision transformer-CNN framework for robust tomato leaf disease classification,” evidence record 16719, https://ethics.ai/record/16719 (originally published by Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence).

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