Geopolitical alignment: Endorsement effects in large language models

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to summarize and evaluate policy-relevant information, but it remains unclear whether their judgments are implicitly shaped by geopolitical cues. I study this question with an endorsement experiment in which four LLMs evaluate the same international economic and security policies after each policy is randomly described as supported by the United States, the European Union, China, or Russia. In the numeric-only condition, GPT-5, Claude Sonnet, an

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ethics.ai (10 July 2026), “Geopolitical alignment: Endorsement effects in large language models,” evidence record 67, https://ethics.ai/record/67 (originally published by arXiv).

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