Cross-Cultural Simulation of Citizen Emotional Responses to Bureaucratic Red Tape Using LLM Agents

Improving policymaking is a central concern in public administration. Prior human subject studies reveal substantial cross-cultural differences in citizens' emotional responses to red tape during policy implementation. While LLM agents offer opportunities to simulate human-like responses and reduce experimental costs, their ability to generate culturally appropriate emotional responses to red tape remains unverified. To address this gap, we propose an evaluation framework for assessing LLMs' emo

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ethics.ai (14 April 2026), “Cross-Cultural Simulation of Citizen Emotional Responses to Bureaucratic Red Tape Using LLM Agents,” evidence record 5875, https://ethics.ai/record/5875 (originally published by arXiv).

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