Time-Lag-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning for Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling in PPVC Module Factories

Prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction moves most building work into module factories, whose production floor operates as a flexible job shop. A major complication is decisive: long post-operation time-lags caused by concrete curing, watertightness ponding tests, and paint drying, during which a module is blocked while its workstation stays free. On benchmark instances grounded in an official national prefabrication guidebook, these lags inflate even the optimal reference makespan by

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ethics.ai (13 July 2026), “Time-Lag-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning for Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling in PPVC Module Factories,” evidence record 3015, https://ethics.ai/record/3015 (originally published by arXiv cs.AI).

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