Mood Matters: How Syntactic Sensitivity Undermines Safety Alignment

Large language models typically undergo post-training to align them with safety policies but there exist many sophisticated jailbreaks that sidestep established safeguards. For instance, prior work by Andriushchenko et al. (2025) has found that changing the grammatical tense from present to past can be enough to elicit harmful responses. In this work, we uncover a more general failure of non-imperative syntactic forms. We demonstrate that this syntactic vulnerability exists in 16 models up to 70

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ethics.ai (5 August 2026), “Mood Matters: How Syntactic Sensitivity Undermines Safety Alignment,” evidence record 17388, https://ethics.ai/record/17388 (originally published by arXiv red teaming query).

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