Friend or Foe? Language as an ideological switch in open-weight LLMs under Russian disinformation stress

As Russia's war against Ukraine extends into generative AI, large language models (LLMs) adapted for local post-Soviet languages are deployed in contested information environments. Policy and industry discourse assumes that culturally aligned adaptation encodes the political orientation of the target community: a Ukrainian-oriented model will resist Russian narratives, a Russian-oriented one will reinforce them. Does it? This article systematically disconfirms that assumption. We run a controlle

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ethics.ai (7 June 2026), “Friend or Foe? Language as an ideological switch in open-weight LLMs under Russian disinformation stress,” evidence record 1301, https://ethics.ai/record/1301 (originally published by arXiv).

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