AI ethics on Tuesday, 22 February 2022

Importance: To better understand the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) in surgical training, efficacy of AI tutoring systems, such as the Virtual Operative Assistant (VOA), must be tested and compared with conventional approaches. Objective: To determine how VOA and remote expert instruction compare in learners' skill acquisition, affective, and cognitive outcomes during surgical simulation training. Design, Setting, and Participants: This instructor-blinded randomized clinical trial