{
  "id": 9774,
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-00815-8",
  "title": "A comprehensive review of large language models: issues and solutions in learning environments",
  "summary": "A significant advancement in artificial intelligence is the development of large language models (LLMs). Despite opposition and explicit bans by some authorities, LLMs continue to play a transformative role, particularly in education, by improving language understanding and generation capabilities. This study explores LLMs’ types, history, and training processes, alongside their application in education, including digital and higher education settings. A novel theoretical framework is proposed t",
  "authors": "Tariq Shahzad, Tehseen Mazhar, Muhammad Usman Tariq, Wasim Ahmad, Khmaies Ouahada, Habib Hamam",
  "category": "research",
  "topics": "children-education,environment",
  "orgs": null,
  "regions": null,
  "published_at": "2025-01-14T00:00:00.000Z",
  "fetched_at": "2026-07-14T16:34:00.822Z",
  "source_slug": "openalex",
  "source_name": "OpenAlex",
  "source_homepage": "https://openalex.org",
  "ethics_ai_record_url": "https://ethics.ai/record/9774",
  "original_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-00815-8",
  "evidence_status": "source-only",
  "attribution": "via ethics.ai"
}