{
  "id": 477,
  "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.29175v1",
  "title": "Direct Causation in International Humanitarian Law and the Challenge of AI-Mediated Civilian Cyber Operations",
  "summary": "International humanitarian law protects civilians from direct attack unless and for such time as they take direct part in hostilities, with the ICRC's 2009 Interpretive Guidance operationalising this rule through a three-criterion cumulative test. This paper argues that AI-mediated civilian cyber operations challenge the direct causation element of this test in a structurally specific way: when a civilian deploys an autonomous multi-agent cyber system of the kind recently demonstrated in offensi",
  "authors": "Alice Saito, Harold Godsoe, Phan Xuan Tan",
  "category": "research",
  "topics": "regulation,military-security,agents-autonomy",
  "orgs": null,
  "regions": null,
  "published_at": "2026-06-28T03:43:30.000Z",
  "fetched_at": "2026-07-14T14:14:32.649Z",
  "source_slug": "arxiv-ethics",
  "source_name": "arXiv",
  "source_homepage": "https://arxiv.org",
  "ethics_ai_record_url": "https://ethics.ai/record/477",
  "original_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.29175v1",
  "evidence_status": "source-only",
  "attribution": "via ethics.ai"
}