{
  "id": 3829,
  "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.00088v1",
  "title": "From Frontier to Shadow AI: A Simmering Threat to Assurance and Security in Critical Infrastructure",
  "summary": "Frontier AI systems, including large language models and emerging agentic AI tools, offer significant operational benefits but present unique challenges to critical infrastructure (CI) environments due to their non-deterministic and emergent properties. While formal adoption is inherently cautious and tightly controlled due to strict regulatory oversight, widespread accessibility has catalysed shadow AI: the unsanctioned use of frontier AI outside established organisational controls. In CI setti",
  "authors": "Mohan Baruwal Chhetri, Shahroz Tariq, Tooba Aamir, Marthie Grobler, Chandra Thapa, Ronal Singh",
  "category": "research",
  "topics": "regulation,agents-autonomy,environment",
  "orgs": null,
  "regions": null,
  "published_at": "2026-05-23T07:21:08.000Z",
  "fetched_at": "2026-07-14T16:30:31.922Z",
  "source_slug": "arxiv-ethics",
  "source_name": "arXiv",
  "source_homepage": "https://arxiv.org",
  "ethics_ai_record_url": "https://ethics.ai/record/3829",
  "original_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.00088v1",
  "evidence_status": "source-only",
  "attribution": "via ethics.ai"
}